Electromagnetics

A generator with permanent magnets

This example shows how the circular motion of a rotor with permanent magnets generates an induced EMF in a stator winding. The generated voltage is calculated as a function of time during the rotation.

The model also shows the influence on the voltage from material parameters, rotation velocity, and number of turns in the winding.

The center of the rotor consists of annealed medium carbon steel, which is a material with a high relative permeability. The center is surrounded with several blocks of permanent magnet, made of samarium and cobalt, creating a strong magnetic field. The stator is made of the same permeable material as the center of the rotor, confining the field in closed loops through the winding. The winding is wound around the stator poles.

 

 

  

An Einzel lens

An Einzel lens is an electrostatic device used for focusing charged particle beams. It may be found in cathode ray tubes, ion beam and electron beam experiments, as well as in ion propulsion systems. This particular model consists of three axially aligned cylinders: the outer cylinders are grounded and the cylinder in the middle is held at a fixed voltage.